Apol MEF, Etienne RS, Olff H (2008) Revisiting the evolutionary origin of allometric metabolic scaling in biology. Funct Ecol 22:1070–1080
Google Scholar
Binkley D, Stape JL, Ryan MG (2004) Thinking about efficiency of resource use in forests. Forest Ecol Manag 193:5–16
Google Scholar
Brockerhoff EG, Jactel H, Parrotta JA, Quine CP, Sayer J (2008) Plantation forests and biodiversity: oxymoron or opportunity? Biodivers Conserv 17:925–951
Google Scholar
Brown JH, Gillooly JF, Allen AP, Savage VM, West GB (2004) Toward a metabolic theory of ecology. Ecology 85:1771–1789
Google Scholar
Chave J, Andalo C, Brown S, Cairns MA, Chambers JQ, Eamus D, Fölster H, Fromard F, Higuchi N, Kira T, Lescure J-P, Nelson BW, Ogawa H, Puig H, Riéra B, Yamakura T (2005) Tree allometry and improved estimation of carbon stocks and balance in tropical forests. Oecologia 145:87–99
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chave J, Réjou-Méchain M, Búrquez A, Chidumayo E, Colgan MS, Delitti WBC, Duque A, Eid T, Fearnside PM, Goodman RC, Henry M, Martínez-Yrízar A, Mugasha WA, Muller-Landau HC, Mencuccini M, Nelson BW, Ngomanda A, Nogueira EM, Ortiz-Malavassi E, Pélissier R, Ploton P, Ryan CM, Saldarriaga JG, Vieilledent G (2014) Improved allometric models to estimate the aboveground biomass of tropical trees. Glob Chang Biol 20:3177–3190
PubMed
Google Scholar
Crawley M (2007) The R book. Wiley, Chichester
Google Scholar
Deng J, Wang G, Morris EC, Wei X, Li D, Chen B, Zhao C, Liu J, Wang Y (2006) Plant mass-density relationship along a moisture gradient in north-West China. J Ecol 94:953–958
Google Scholar
Duncanson LI, Dubayah RO, Enquist BJ (2015) Assessing the general patterns of forest structure: quantifying tree and forest allometric scaling relationships in the United States. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 24:1465–1475
Google Scholar
Enquist BJ, Niklas KJ (2001) Invariant scaling relations across tree-dominated communities. Nature 410:655–660
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Enquist BJ, West GB, Brown JH (2009) Extensions and evaluations of a general quantitative theory of forest structure and dynamics. PNAS 106:7046–7051
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fang J, Brown S, Tang Y, Nabuurs GJ, Wang X, Shen H (2006) Overestimated biomass carbon pools of the northern mid- and high latitude forests. Clim Chang 74:355–368
CAS
Google Scholar
Fang J, Shen Z, Tang Z, Wang X, Wang Z, Feng J, Liu Y, Qiao X, Wu X, Zheng C (2012) Forest community survey and the structural characteristics of forests in China. Ecography 35:1059–1071
Google Scholar
Getzin S, Dean C, He F, Trofymow JA, Wiegand K, Wiegand T (2006) Spatial patterns and competition of tree species in a Douglas-fir chronosequence on Vancouver Island. Ecography 29:671–682
Google Scholar
He JS, Wang X, Flynn DFB, Wang L, Schmid B, Fang J (2009) Taxonomic, phylogenetic, and environmental trade-offs between leaf productivity and persistence. Ecology 90:2779–2791
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hijmans RJ, Cameron SE, Parra JL, Jones PG, Jarvis A (2005) Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. Int J Climatol 25:1965–1978
Google Scholar
Hulshof CM, Swenson NG, Weiser MD (2015) Tree height–diameter allometry across the United States. Ecol Evol 5:1193–1204
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Jacobsen AL, Pratt RB, Tobin MF, Hacke UG, Ewers FW (2012) A global analysis of xylem vessel length in woody plants. Am J Bot 99:1583–1591
PubMed
Google Scholar
Johnson JB, Omland KS (2004) Model selection in ecology and evolution. Trends Ecol Evol 19:101–108
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lines ER, Zavala MA, Purves DW, Coomes DA (2012) Predictable changes in aboveground allometry of trees along gradients of temperature, aridity and competition. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 21:1017–1028
Google Scholar
Luo Y, Wang X, Lu F (2015) Comprehensive database of biomass regressions for China's tree species. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing
Google Scholar
Luo Y, Wang X, Zhang X, Booth TH, Lu F (2012) Root:shoot ratios across China's forests: forest type and climatic effects. Forest Ecol Manag 269:19–25
Google Scholar
Luo Y, Zhang X, Wang X, Ren Y (2014) Dissecting variation in biomass conversion factors across China’s forests: implications for biomass and carbon accounting. PLoS One 9:e94777
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
McMahon TA, Kronauer RE (1976) Tree structures: deducing the principle of mechanical design. J Theor Biol 59:443–466
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mokany K, Raison RJ, Prokushkin AS (2006) Critical analysis of root:shoot ratios in terrestrial biomes. Glob Chang Biol 12:84–96
Google Scholar
Muller-Landau HC, Condit RS, Chave J, Thomas SC, Bohlman SA, Bunyavejchewin S, Davies S, Foster R, Gunatilleke S, Gunatilleke N, Harms KE, Hart T, Hubbell SP, Itoh A, Kassim AR, LaFrankie JV, Lee HS, Losos E, Makana J-R, Ohkubo T, Sukumar R, Sun I-F, Supardi MNN, Tan S, Thompson J, Valencia R, Muñoz GV, Wills C, Yamakura T, Chuyong G, Dattaraja HS, Esufali S, Hall P, Hernandez C, Kenfack D, Kiratiprayoon S, Suresh HS, Thomas D, Vallejo MI, Ashton P (2006) Testing metabolic ecology theory for allometric scaling of tree size, growth and mortality in tropical forests. Ecol Lett 9:575–588
PubMed
Google Scholar
Niklas KJ, Spatz HC (2004) Growth and hydraulic (not mechanical) constraints govern the scaling of tree height and mass. PNAS 101:15661–15663
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Poorter H, Jagodzinski AM, Ruiz-Peinado R, Kuyah S, Luo Y, Oleksyn J, Usoltsev VA, Buckley TN, Reich PB, Sack L (2015) How does biomass distribution change with size and differ among species? An analysis for 1200 plant species from five continents. New Phytol 208:736–749
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Poorter H, Niklas KJ, Reich PB, Oleksyn J, Poot P, Mommer L (2012) Biomass allocation to leaves, stems and roots: meta-analyses of interspecific variation and environmental control. New Phytol 193:30–50
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Price CA, Enquist BJ, Savage VM (2007) A general model for allometric covariation in botanical form and function. PNAS 104:13204–13209
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Price CA, Ogle K, White EP, Weitz JS (2009) Evaluating scaling models in biology using hierarchical Bayesian approaches. Ecol Lett 12:641–651
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Quinn G, Keough M (2002) Experimental design and data analysis for biologists. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Google Scholar
R Core Team (2014) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna.
Rubner M (1883) On the influence of body size on metabolism and energy exchange. Zeitschriftfür Biologie 19:535–562
Google Scholar
Rüger N, Condit R (2012) Testing metabolic theory with models of tree growth that include light competition. Funct Ecol 26:759–765
Google Scholar
Savage VM, Bentley LP, Enquist BJ, Sperry JS, Smith DD, Reich PB, von Allmen EI (2010) Hydraulic trade-offs and space filling enable better predictions of vascular structure and function in plants. PNAS 107:22722–22727
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sun H, Wang X, Fan Y, Liu C, Wu P, Li Q, Yin W (2017b) Effects of biophysical constraints, climate and phylogeny on forest shrub allometries along an altitudinal gradient in Northeast China. Sci Rep 7:43769
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Sun H, Wang X, Wu P, Han W, Xu K, Liang P, Liu C, Yin W, Xia X (2017a) What causes greater deviations from predictions of metabolic scaling theory in earlier successional forests? Forest Ecol Manag 405:101–111
Google Scholar
Wang X, Fang J, Sanders NJ, White PS, Tang Z (2009) Relative importance of climate vs local factors in shaping the regional patterns of forest plant richness across Northeast China. Ecography 32:133–142
CAS
Google Scholar
Wang X, Fang J, Tang Z, Zhu B (2006) Climatic control of primary forest structure and DBH–height allometry in Northeast China. Forest Ecol Manag 234:264–274
Google Scholar
Wang X, Fang J, Zhu B (2008) Forest biomass and root-shoot allocation in Northeast China. Forest Ecol Manag 255:4007–4020
Google Scholar
Wang X, Ouyang S, Sun OJ, Fang J (2013) Forest biomass patterns across Northeast China are strongly shaped by forest height. Forest Ecol Manag 293:149–160
Google Scholar
Wang Y, Chu C, Zhu K, Shen Z (2011) Effects of inter-specific variability on biomass allocation: a hierarchical Bayesian approach. Ecol Inform 6:341–344
Google Scholar
Wang Y, Pederson N, Ellison AM, Buckley HL, Case BS, Liang E, Julio Camarero J (2016) Increased stem density and competition may diminish the positive effects of warming at alpine treeline. Ecology 97:1668–1679
PubMed
Google Scholar
Warton DI, Wright IJ, Falster DS, Westoby M (2006) Bivariate line-fitting methods for allometry. Biol Rev 81:259–291
PubMed
Google Scholar
West GB, Brown JH, Enquist BJ (1997) A general model for the origin of allometric scaling laws in biology. Science 276:122–126
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
West GB, Brown JH, Enquist BJ (1999) A general model for the structure and allometry of plant vascular systems. Nature 400:664–667
CAS
Google Scholar
White CR, Cassey P, Blackburn TM (2007) Allometric exponents do not support a universal metabolic allometry. Ecology 88:315–323
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wright IJ, Dong N, Maire V, Prentice IC, Westoby M, Díaz S, Gallagher RV, Jacobs BF, Kooyman R, Law EA, Leishman MR, Niinemets Ü, Reich PB, Sack L, Villar R, Wang H, Wilf P (2017) Global climatic drivers of leaf size. Science 357:917–921
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wright IJ, Reich PB, Cornelissen JHC, Falster DS, Groom PK, Hikosaka K, Lee W, Lusk CH, Niinemets Ü, Oleksyn J, Osada N, Poorter H, Warton DI, Westoby M (2005) Modulation of leaf economic traits and trait relationships by climate. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 14:411–421
Google Scholar
Zanne AE, Tank DC, Cornwell WK, Eastman JM, Smith SA, Fitzjohn RG, McGlinn DJ, O'Meara BC, Moles AT, Reich PB, Royer DL, Soltis DE, Stevens PF, Westoby M, Wright IJ, Aarssen L, Bertin RI, Calaminus A, Govaerts R, Hemmings F, Leishman MR, Jacek O, Soltis PS, Swenson NG, Warman L, Beaulieu JM (2014) Three keys to the radiation of angiosperms into freezing environments. Nature 506:89–92
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zhang H, Song T, Wang K, Wang G, Liao J, Xu G, Zeng F (2015) Biogeographical patterns of forest biomass allocation vary by climate, soil and forest characteristics in China. Environ Res Lett 10:44014
Google Scholar