Ampoorter E, Selvi F, Auge H, Baeten L, Berger S, Carrari E, Coppi A, Fotelli M, Radoglou K, Setiawan NN, Vanhellemont M, Verheyen K (2016) Driving mechanisms of overstorey-understorey diversity relationships in European forests. Persp Plant Ecol Evol Syst 19:21–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2016.02.001
Article
Google Scholar
Aubert M, Burea F, Vinceslas-Akpa M (2005) Sources of spatial and temporal variability of inorganic nitrogen in pure and mixed deciduous temperate forests. Soil Biol Biochem 37(1):67–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.07.025
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Augusto L, Dupouey J-L, Ranger J (2003) Effects of tree species on understory vegetation and environmental conditions in temperate forests. Ann Forest Sci 60:823–831. https://doi.org/10.1051/forest
Article
Google Scholar
Axmanová I, Chytrý M, Zelený D, Li CF, Vymazalová M, Danihelka J, Horsák M, Kočí M, Kubešová S, Lososová Z, Otýpková Z, Tichý L, Martynenko VB, Baisheva EZ, Schuster B, Diekmann M (2012) The species richness-productivity relationship in the herb layer of European deciduous forests. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 21(6):657–667. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2011.00707.x
Article
Google Scholar
Axmanová I, Zelený D, Li C, Chytrý M (2011) Environmental factors influencing herb layer productivity in Central European oak forests: insights from soil and biomass analyses and a phytometer experiment. Plant Soil 342:183–194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0683-9
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Baeten L, Verheyen K, Wirth C, Bruelheide H, Bussotti F, Finér L, Jaroszewicz B, Selvi F, Valladares F, Allan E, Ampoorter E, Auge H, Avacariei D, Barbaro L, Barnoaiea I, Bastias CC, Bauhus J, Beinhoff C, Benavides R, Benneter A, Berger S, Berthold F, Boberg J, Bonal D, Bruggemann W, Carnol M, Castagneyrol B, Charbonnier Y, Checko E, Coomes D, Coppi A, Dalmaris E, Danila G, Dawud SM, de Vries W, De Wandeler H, Deconchat M, Domisch T, Duduman G, Fischer M, Fotelli M, Gessler A, Gimeno TE, Granier A, Grossiord C, Guyot V, Hantsch L, Hattenschwiler S, Hector A, Hermy M, Holland V, Jactel H, Joly F-X, Jucker T, Kolb S, Koricheva J, Lexer MJ, Liebergesell M, Milligan H, Muller S, Muys B, Nguyen D, Nichiforel L, Pollastrini M, Proulx R, Rabasa S, Radoglou K, Ratcliffe S, Raulund-Rasmussen K, Seiferling I, Stenlid J, Vesterdal L, von Wilpert K, Zavala MA, Zielinski D, Scherer-Lorenzen M (2013) A novel comparative research platform designed to determine the functional significance of tree species diversity in European forests. Persp Plant Ecol Evol Syst 15(5):281–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2013.07.002
Article
Google Scholar
Bartón K (2013) MuMIn: Multi-model Inference. R package version 1.9.5. http://CRAN.Rproject.org/package=MuMIn. Accessed 10 Sept 2019
Google Scholar
Bastias CC, Morán-López T, Valladares F, Benavides R (2019) Seed size underlies the uncoupling in species composition between canopy and recruitment layers in European forests. Forest Ecol Manag 449:117471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117471
Article
Google Scholar
Cavard X, Bergeron Y, Chen HYH (2011) Effect of forest canopy composition on soil nutrients and dynamics of the understorey : mixed canopies serve neither vascular nor bryophyte strata. J Veget Sci 22:1105–1119. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01311.x
Article
Google Scholar
Comeau PG, Heineman JL (2003) Predicting understory light microclimate from stand parameters in young paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) stands. Forest Ecol Manag 180(1–3):303–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00581-9
Article
Google Scholar
Cools N, Vesterdal L, De Vos B, Vanguelova E, Hansen K (2014) Tree species is the major factor explaining C:N ratios in European forest soils. Forest Ecol Manag 311:3–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.06.047
Article
Google Scholar
De Schrijver A, De Frenne P, Staelens J, Verstraeten G, Muys B, Vesterdal L, Wuyts K, van Nevel L, Schelfhout S, de Neve S, Verheyen K (2012) Tree species traits cause divergence in soil acidification during four decades of postagricultural forest development. Glob Chang Biol 18(3):1127–1140. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02572.x
Article
Google Scholar
Edmonds RL (1980) Litter decomposition and nutrient release in Douglas-fir, red alder, western hemlock, and Pacific silver fir ecosystems in western Washington. Can J For Res 10(3):327–337. https://doi.org/10.1139/x80-056
Article
Google Scholar
Ellenberg H, Leuschner C (2010) Zeigerwerte der Pflanzen Mitteleuropas. In: Ellenberg H, Leuschner C, Dierschke H (eds) Vegetation Mitteleuropas mit den Alpen. Ulmer, Stuttgart
Google Scholar
Forrester DI, Bauhus J (2016) A review of processes behind diversity—productivity relationships in forests. Curr Forest Rep 2(1):45–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40725-016-0031-2
Article
Google Scholar
Gartner TB, Cardon ZG (2004) Decomposition dynamics in mixed-species leaf litter. Oikos 104(2):230–246. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.12738.x
Article
Google Scholar
Gilliam FS (2007) The ecological significance of the herbaceous layer in temperate forest ecosystems. BioScience 57(10):845–858. https://doi.org/10.1641/B571007
Article
Google Scholar
Gilliam FS, Turrill NL (1993) Herbaceous layer cover and biomass in a young versus a mature stand of a central appalachian hardwood forest. Bull Torr Bot Club 120(4):445–450
Article
Google Scholar
Golay MG, Thompson J, Kolka R (2016) Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus storage across a growing season by the herbaceous layer in urban and preserved temperate hardwood forests. Appl Veg Sci 19(4):689–699. https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12253
Article
Google Scholar
Hamada S, Kumagai T, Kochi K, Kobayashi N, Hiyama T, Miyazawa Y (2016) Spatial and temporal variations in photosynthetic capacity of a temperate deciduous-evergreen forest. Tree Struct Funct 30(4):1083–1093. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-015-1347-4
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Ishida A, Diloksumpun S, Ladpala P, Staporn D, Panuthai S, Gamo M, Yazaki K, Ishizuka M, Puangchit L (2006) Contrasting seasonal leaf habits of canopy trees between tropical dry-deciduous and evergreen forests in Thailand. Tree Physiol 26(5):643–656. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/26.5.643
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jucker T, Bouriaud O, Avacaritei D, Coomes DA (2014) Stabilizing effects of diversity on aboveground wood production in forest ecosystems: linking patterns and processes. Ecol Lett 17(12):1560–1569. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12382
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Koorem K, Price JN, Moora M (2011) Species-specific effects of woody litter on seedling emergence and growth of herbaceous plants. PLoS One 6(10). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026505
Lajtha K, Driscoll CT, Jarrell WM, Elliott ET (1999) Soil phosphorus: characterization and total element analysis. In: Robertson GP, Coleman DC, Bledsoe CS, Sollins P (eds) Standard soil methods for long-term ecological research. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 115–142
Google Scholar
Landuyt D, De Lombaerde E, Perring MP, Hertzog LR, Ampoorter E, Maes SL, De Frenne P, Ma SY, Proesmans W, Blondeel H (2019a) The functional role of temperate forest understorey vegetation in a changing world. Glob Chang Biol. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14756
Landuyt D, Maes SL, Depauw L, Ampoorter E, Blondeel H, Perring MP, Brūmelis G, Brunet J, Decocq G, den Ouden J, Härdtle W, Hédl R, Heinken T, Heinrichs S, Jaroszewicz B, Kirby KJ, Kopecký M, Máliš F, Wulf M, Verheyen K (2019b) Drivers of aboveground understorey biomass and nutrient stocks in temperate deciduous forests. J Ecol. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13318
Messier C, Parent S, Bergeron Y (1998) Effects of overstory and understory vegetation on the understory light environment in mixed boreal forests. J Veg Sci 9(4):511. https://doi.org/10.2307/3237266
Article
Google Scholar
Mölder A, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Schmidt W (2008) Herb-layer diversity in deciduous forests: raised by tree richness or beaten by beech? Forest Ecol Manag 256(3):272–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.04.012
Article
Google Scholar
Moore PT, Van Miegroet H, Nicholas NS (2007) Relative role of understory and overstory in carbon and nitrogen cycling in a southern Appalachian spruce-fir forest. Can J Forest Res 37(12):2689–2700. https://doi.org/10.1139/X07-115
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Muller RN (2014) Nutrient relations of the herbaceous layer in deciduous forest ecosystems. In: Gilliam FS (ed) The herbaceous layer in forests of eastern North America. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 13–34
Google Scholar
Niederberger J, Todt B, Boča A, Nitschke R, Kohler M, Kühn P, Bauhus J (2015) Use of near-infrared spectroscopy to assess phosphorus fractions of different plant availability in forest soils. Biogeosciences 12(11):3415–3428. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3415-2015
Article
Google Scholar
Palik BJ, Mitchell RJ, Houseal G, Pederson N (1997) Effects of canopy structure on resource availability and seedling responses in a longleaf pine ecosystem. Can J For Res 27(9):1458–1464. https://doi.org/10.1139/x97-081
Article
Google Scholar
Pollastrini M, Feducci M, Bonal D, Fotelli M, Gessler A, Grossiord C, Guyot V, Jactel H, Nguyen D, Radoglou K, Bussotti F (2016) Physiological significance of forest tree defoliation: results from a survey in a mixed forest in Tuscany (central Italy). Forest Ecol Manag 361:170–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2015.11.018
Article
Google Scholar
Rich PM (1990) Characterizing plant canopies with hemispherical photographs. Remote Sens Rev 5(1):13–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/02757259009532119
R Core Team (2020) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/.
Sayer EJ (2006) Using experimental manipulation to assess the roles of leaf litter in the functioning of forest ecosystems. Biol Rev Cambridge Philos Soc 81(1):1–31. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1464793105006846
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Smolko P, Veselovská A (2018) Seasonal dynamics of forage for red deer in temperate forests: importance of the habitat properties , stand development stage and overstorey dynamics. Wildlife Biol. https://doi.org/10.2981/wlb.00366
Son Y, Gower ST (1991) Aboveground nitrogen and phosphorus use by five plantation-grown trees with different leaf longevities. Biogeochemistry 14(3):167–191
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Takahashi M (1997) Comparison of nutrient concentrations in organic layers between broad-leaved and coniferous forests. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 43(3):541–550. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.1997.10414781
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Tessier JT, Raynal DJ (2003) Vernal nitrogen and phosphorus retention by forest understory vegetation and soil microbes. Plant Soil 256:443–453
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Valladares F, Guzmán B (2006) Canopy structure and spatial heterogeneity of understory light in an abandoned Holm oak woodland. Ann Forest Sci 63(7):749–761. https://doi.org/10.1051/forest:2006056
Article
Google Scholar
Valladares F, Laanisto L, Niinemets Ü, Zavala MA (2016) Shedding light on shade: ecological perspectives of understorey plant life. Plant Ecol Divers 9(3):237–251. https://doi.org/10.1080/17550874.2016.1210262
Article
Google Scholar
Vockenhuber EA, Scherber C, Langenbruch C, Meißner M, Seidel D, Tscharntke T (2011) Tree diversity and environmental context predict herb species richness and cover in Germany’s largest connected deciduous forest. Persp Plant Ecol Evol Syst 13(2):111–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2011.02.004
Article
Google Scholar
Welch NT, Belmont JM, Randolph JC (2007) Summer ground layer biomass and nutrient contribution to above-ground litter in an Indiana temperate deciduous forest. Am Midland Nat 157(1):11–26. https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031(2007)157[11:SGLBAN]2.0.CO;2
Article
Google Scholar
Yankelevich SN, Fragoso C, Newton AC, Russell G, Heal OW (2006) Spatial patchiness of litter, nutrients and macroinvertebrates during secondary succession in a Tropical Montane Cloud Forest in Mexico. Plant Soil 286(1–2):123–139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-9031-5
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Zhang D, Hui D, Luo Y, Zhou G (2008) Rates of litter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems: global patterns and controlling factors. J Plant Ecol 1(2):85–93. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtn002
Article
Google Scholar
Zhang H, Yuan W, Dong W, Liu S (2014) Seasonal patterns of litterfall in forest ecosystem worldwide. Ecol Compl 20:240–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecocom.2014.01.003
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Zhang Y, Chen HYH (2015) Individual size inequality links forest diversity and above-ground biomass. J Ecol 103(5):1245–1252. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12425
Article
Google Scholar
Zhang Y, Chen HYH, Taylor AR (2016) Aboveground biomass of understorey vegetation has a negligible or negative association with overstorey tree species diversity in natural forests. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 25(2):141–150. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12392
Article
Google Scholar
Zhang Y, Chen HYH, Taylor AR (2017) Positive species diversity and above-ground biomass relationships are ubiquitous across forest strata despite interference from overstorey trees. Funct Ecol 31(2):419–426. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12699
Article
Google Scholar