Accuracy assessment and error analysis for diameter at breast height measurement of trees obtained using a novel backpack LiDAR system

Forest Ecosystems

Table 2 Overview of DBH measurement obtained using LiDAR in past 5 years (incomplete). TLS-S single-scan terrestrial laser scanning; TLS-M multi-scan terrestrial laser scanning, ALS airborne laser scanning, RANSAC random sample consensus, SVR support vector regression

Reference	LiDAR	Algorithm	Sample size	Mean DBH	R²	RMSE (mm)	rRMSE
Olofsson et al. 2014	TLS-S	RANSAC	148	27.2	–	28.8	0.106
Wu et al. 2015	ALS	SVR	82	35.2	–	64.1	0.185
Srinivasan et al. 2015	TLS-S	Cylinder fitting	145	–	0.97	18.3	–
Bu and Wang 2016	TLS-S	OLS circle fitting	79	21.0	–	19.9	0.095
Liu et al. 2018a, 2018b	TLS-M	OLS circle fitting	26	13.3	0.975	16.9	0.127
Fu et al. 2018	ALS	Logistic regression	402	23.5	0.524	57.6	0.245
Liu et al. 2018a, 2018b	TLS-M	Hough transform	46	15.5	0.914	12.2	0.079