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Forest Ecosystems
Fig. 8 | Forest Ecosystems

Fig. 8

From: Spatial patterns of insect herbivory within a forest landscape: the role of soil type and forest stratum

Fig. 8

Comparison of litter coverage (± SE), density of overwintering pupae (± SE) and density of pupal cases (± SE) in the plots investigated between loam and gravel soil areas. Letters above bars indicate statistical differences between different soil types. Litter coverage: t = 4.472, df = 4, P = 0.011; density of overwintering pupae: t = 3.500, df = 4, P = 0.025; density of pupal cases: t = 4.914, df = 4, P = 0.008

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