Fig. 3

Variations of total amino sugars content (AS, panel A), and the ratio of fungal to bacterial residues in soil (GluN:MurA, panel B) following forest restoration. Different uppercase and lowercase letters indicate significant differences in topsoil (grey bar) and subsoil (white bar) between the four restoration stages at the P < 0.05 level. Bars represent means ± SE (n = 6)