Early detection of pine wilt disease in Pinus tabuliformis in North China using a field portable spectrometer and UAV-based hyperspectral imagery

Forest Ecosystems

Table 11 Producer’s accuracy (%) and user’s accuracy (%) of the four stages using RF based on vegetation indices, red edge parameters, moisture indices, and combined all variables from ground and UAV-based data

Stage	Vegetation Indices		Red Edge Parameters		Moisture Indices		Combined
Stage	Producer’s accuracy	User’s accuracy	Producer’s accuracy	User’s accuracy	Producer’s accuracy	User’s accuracy	Producer’s accuracy	User’s accuracy
Based on ground spectrum data
H	74.36	80.56	82.05	82.05	74.36	74.36	82.05	80.00
E	62.96	60.71	62.96	73.91	55.56	57.69	62.96	70.83
M	75.86	78.57	82.76	80.00	82.76	80.00	82.76	80.00
S	88.46	79.31	88.46	79.31	84.62	84.62	92.31	88.89
UAV-based hyperspectral data
H	64.10	71.43	71.79	75.68	61.54	66.67	71.79	77.78
E	59.26	57.14	55.56	55.56	51.85	48.28	55.56	57.69
M	75.86	73.33	75.86	78.57	68.97	68.97	82.76	80.00
S	84.62	78.57	88.46	79.31	73.08	70.37	88.46	79.31