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Table 1 Variables used to describe the capercaillie’s habitat in the Augustów Forest

From: Mature stand developmental stage has ceased to constitute the most suitable habitat for the capercaillie in the Augustów Forest, Poland

Parameter [Acronym]

Value (rank or label)

Age of tree stands (years) [ATS]

1–10 (1), 11–30 (2), 31–60 (3), 61–100 (4), > 100 (5)

Tree stand structure [TSS]

One-layered (1), Two-layered (2), Multi-layered (3)

Percentage share of Scots pine (%) [PSP]

< 20 (1), 20–50 (2), 50–70 (3), 70–90 (4), > 90 (5)

Canopy closure of the upper layer [CCUL]

Open (1; 0–30% of ground covered by crowns), Loose (2; 31%–50%), Discontinuous (3; 51%–70%), Moderate (4; 71%–90%), Full (5; > 91%)

Canopy closure of the lower layer [CCLL]

Open (1; 0–30% of ground covered by crowns), Loose (2; 31%–50%), Discontinuous (3; 51%–70%), Moderate (4; 71%–90%), Full (5; > 91%)

Percentage cover of shrub layer (%) [PCS]

< 10 (1), 10–20 (2), 20–40 (3), 40–60 (4), > 60 (5)

Ground vegetation height (cm) [GVH]

< 10 (1), 10–20 (2), 20–30 (3), 30–40 (4), 50–60 (5), 60–70 (7), 70–80 (8), > 80 (9)

Percentage cover of bilberries (%) [PCB]

Absence (1), 1–10 (2), 10–20 (3), 20–30 (4), 30–40 (5), > 40 (6)

Soil moisture [SM]

Dry (1), Fresh (2), Wet (3), Bog (4)

Soil fertility [SF]

Oligotrophic (1), Mesotrophic (2), Eutrophic (3)

Distance from roads (m) [DFR]

< 10 (1), 10–50 (2), 50–100 (3), 100–150 (4), > 150 (5)

Presence of habitat elements [PHE]

Absence (1), one element present (2), two elements present (3), three elements present (4)

Number of trees with diameter of ≥7 cm(N/ha) [TN]

Range from 0 to 16,000 trees per hectare