Table 5 Displacement factors for material use

Smyth et al. 2014

Canada

Sawnwood

0.38

Mg C avoided/Mg C used

Smyth et al. 2014

Canada

Panel

0.77

Mg C avoided/Mg C used

Kalt et al. (2015)

Austria

Average DF in simulations

2.67

C/C

Knauf et al. (2015)

Germany

Average wood use as material

1.50

t C/t C

Knauf et al. (2015)

Germany

DIY products like lumber, panels, profile boards vs. mineral based products, plastic based panels, aluminum sheets

1.35

t C/t C

Knauf et al. (2015)

Germany

Wooden transportation products vs. plastic, metal

1.62

t C/t C

Keith et al. (2015)

Australia

Substitution of nonwood

2.1

t C/t C

Knauf (2015)

Germany

Average wood use as material

1.5

t C/t C

Macintosh et al. (2015)

Australia

emissions-intensive non-wood substitutes replace foregone sawnwood products

2.1

t C/t C

Knauf et al. (2016)

Germany

Material substitution

1.5

t C/t C

Butarbutar et al. (2016)

Not specified

Timber

0.8

t CO₂e/m³ of wood product

Butarbutar et al. (2016)

Not specified

Timber and mill residues

2.1

t CO₂e/m³ of wood product

Cintas et al. (2016)

Sweden

Sawnwood

2.31

Mg C/Mg C

Soimakallio et al. (2016)

Finland

substitution factor for sawn wood and wood-based panels (concrete, steel substitution)

1.3

t C/t C

Butarbutar et al. (2016)

Material substitution

2.1

t C/t C

Lobianco et al. (2016)

France

Material substitution

1.28

t C/t C

Han et al. (2016)

South Korea

Sawnwood and industrial roundwood substituting fossil-fuel-intensive materials, such as steel, concrete and plastics

0.04

Mg/m³ C eq.

Taeroe et al. (2017)

Denmark

Wood product substitution

2.10

t C/t C

Baul et al. (2017)

Finland

Sawn wood

2

t C/t C

Cintas et al. (2016)

Sweden

Sawnwood

2.10

Mg C/Mg C

Smyth et al. (2017a)

Canada

sawnwood

0.54

t C/t C

Smyth et al. (2017a)

Canada

basket of end-use products included buildings

0.45

t C/t C

Suter et al. (2017)

Switzerland

Glued laminated timber substituting primary steel

0.68

t CO₂-eq/m³ wood

Suter et al. (2017)

Switzerland

Glued laminated timber substituting secondary steel

0.14

t CO₂-eq/m³ wood

Suter et al. (2017)

Switzerland

Sawnwood products replacing concrete

0.5

t CO₂-eq/m³ wood

Suter et al. (2017)

Switzerland

Sawnwood products replacing bricks

0.37

t CO₂-eq/m³ wood

Suter et al. (2017)

Switzerland

Sawnwood products replacing polyethylene

0.85

t CO₂-eq/m³ wood

Suter et al. (2017)

Switzerland

Sawnwood products replacing aluminium, secondary

0.32

t CO₂-eq/m³ wood

Suter et al. (2017)

Switzerland

Sawnwood products replacing aluminium, primary

3.76

t CO₂-eq/m³ wood

Suter et al. (2017)

Switzerland

Sawnwood products replacing polypropylene

1.39

t CO₂-eq/m³ wood

Suter et al. (2017)

Switzerland

Sawnwood products replacing steel, chromium, secondary

1.23

t CO₂-eq/m³ wood

Suter et al. (2017)

Switzerland

Sawnwood products replacing steel, chromium, primary

0.41

t CO₂-eq/m³ wood

Suter et al. (2017)

Switzerland

Board, fibre substituting gypsum fibreboard

−0.31

t CO₂-eq/m³ wood

Suter et al. (2017)

Switzerland

Board, fibre, soft subsituting rockwool

0.02

t CO₂-eq/m³ wood

Suter et al. (2017)

Switzerland

Board, particle

0.17

t CO₂-eq/m³ wood

Suter et al. (2017)

Switzerland

Board, particle replacint glass

0.29

t CO₂-eq/m³ wood

Suter et al. (2017)

Switzerland

Plywood replacing chromium, secondary

1.52

t CO₂-eq/m³ wood

Suter et al. (2017)

Switzerland

Plywood replacing chromium, primary

0.24

t CO₂-eq/m³ wood

Olguin et al. (2018)

Mexico

Sawnwood and panels

0.45–2

t C avoided/t C used

Lobianco et al. (2016)

France

Material substitution of wood

Board, fibre, soft subsituting polystyrene

1.28

t C/t C

Seppälä et al. (2019)

Finland

Required displacement factors for additional amounts of wood-based products and fuels produced from domestic wood, compared to the basic harvesting

scenario

1.3–2.4

t C/t C