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Table 3 Accuracy of the stem characteristics in the effective area

From: Seamless integration of above- and under-canopy unmanned aerial vehicle laser scanning for forest investigation

Tree group

(DBH, cm)

Stem location

Tree height

DBH

DBH

(Erroneous estimate excluded)

RMSE (m)

RMSE (m)

(RMSE %)

Bias (m)

(Bias %)

RMSE (cm)

(RMSE %)

Bias (cm)

(Bias %)

RMSE (cm)

(RMSE %)

Bias (cm)

(Bias %)

5–10

0.11

0.33

3.18%

0.33

3.18%

7.89

84.76%

3.21

34.47%

2.84

30.42%

−0.01

−0.08%

10–15

0.11

0.33

2.51%

−0.13

− 0.01%

6.98

58.31%

3.08

25.72%

3.89

32.84%

0.01

0.05%

>  15

0.13

1.13

6.16%

0.01

0.00%

8.21

28.52%

3.96

13.75%

3.80

12.83%

1.63

5.51%

All

0.12

0.61

3.54%

0.16

0.91%

7.95

33.35%

3.72

15.61%

3.76

15.23%

1.28

5.16%