Forest land use discontinuity and northern red oak Quercus rubra introduction change biomass allocation and life strategy of lingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea

Forest Ecosystems

Table 2 Parameters of vegetation structure variables fitted to the DCA analysis results (coefficient of determination R², and p value were obtained based on permutation tests with 999 iterations)

Variable – cover of	DCA1	DCA2	R²	p
Canopy	−0.732	−0.681	0.193	0.003
Shrub layer	0.952	−0.307	0.506	0.001
Herbaceous understory	−0.282	−0.959	0.363	0.001
Bryophytes	−0.857	−0.515	0.802	0.001
Pinus canopy	−0.924	−0.383	0.192	0.002
Q. rubra subcanopy	0.856	0.518	0.776	0.001
Q. rubra shrub	0.989	−0.146	0.449	0.001