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Forest Ecosystems
Fig. 4 | Forest Ecosystems

Fig. 4

From: Forest land use discontinuity and northern red oak Quercus rubra introduction change biomass allocation and life strategy of lingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea

Fig. 4

Mean (+SE) individual height, biomass and its allocation of fruiting (fr) and non-fruiting (nfr) V. vitis-idaea in ancient (AF) and recent (RF) pine forests (n = 100 per variant). Groups denoted by the same letters did not differ statistically significantly (p > 0.05) according to the Tukey posteriori tests. For models – see Table 4

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