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Forest Ecosystems
Fig. 3 | Forest Ecosystems

Fig. 3

From: Forest land use discontinuity and northern red oak Quercus rubra introduction change biomass allocation and life strategy of lingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea

Fig. 3

Mean (+SE) plot level biomass, its allocation, water content, fruiting, density and height of V. vitis-idaea in four variants of pine forest: ancient (AF) and recent (RF) forests without (no inv) and with (inv) Q. rubra (n = 200). Groups denoted by the same letters did not differ statistically significantly (p > 0.05) according to the Tukey posteriori tests. For models – see Supporting Information II

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