Fig. 2From: Forest land use discontinuity and northern red oak Quercus rubra introduction change biomass allocation and life strategy of lingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaeaMarginal (with excluded random effects) mean (+SE) individual biomass, its allocation, water content and height of V. vitis-idaea in four types of pine forest: ancient (AF) and recent (RF) forests without (no inv) and with (inv) Q. rubra, predicted by linear mixed-effects models (n = 400). Groups denoted by the same letters did not differ statistically significantly (p > 0.05) according to the Tukey posteriori tests. For models – see Supporting Information IBack to article page