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Fig. 1 | Forest Ecosystems

Fig. 1

From: Forest land use discontinuity and northern red oak Quercus rubra introduction change biomass allocation and life strategy of lingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea

Fig. 1

DCA ordination of understory vegetation in four variants of pine forest: ancient (AF) and recent (RF) forests, without (no inv) and with (inv) Q. rubra. Italicized abbreviations (first four letters of genus and species names) indicate coordinates of species scores (bryophytes – green, ericoids – red, trees and shrubs – grey, other – black), with passively fitted vectors representing vegetation structure (violet, for fitness see Table 2). The label for the species studied (Vaccidae) was enlarged

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