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Forest Ecosystems
Fig. 2 | Forest Ecosystems

Fig. 2

From: National Forest Inventories capture the multifunctionality of managed forests in Germany

Fig. 2

Trade-offs and synergies between ecosystem service indicators. Principal components analysis based on 13 ecosystem service indicators associated with tree species composition a and geographic area b and predicted for the 53 most dominant forest types in Germany. Spruce = Picea abies ((L.) H. Karst), Pine = Pinus sylvestris (L.), Beech = Fagus sylvatica (L.), Oak = Quercus spp., D= deciduous tree species, C = coniferous tree species

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