Table 1 Location and climatic characteristics of the three study regions (National board of survey geographical society of Finland 1987; Rouvinen et al. 2002b; Nazarova 2011)
|  | Häme | Kuhmo | Vienansalo |
|---|---|---|---|
Location | 62° N, 24° E | 64° N, 29° E | 65° N, 30° E |
Altitude (m.a.s.l.) | 180 | 200 | 155 |
Mean Temperature (°C) | 3 | 1.5 | 1 |
Precipitation (mm) | 650 | 650 | 650 |
Growing season (days) | 160–165 | 145–150 | 134–159 |
Mean effective temperature sum (threshold, 5 °C) | 1000 | 900 | 900 |