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Fig. 6 | Forest Ecosystems

Fig. 6

From: Climatic and anthropogenic factors explain the variability of Fagus sylvatica treeline elevation in fifteen mountain groups across the Apennines

Fig. 6

Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Loading plots of 15 selected Fagus sylvatica treeline elevations according to: a topographic, anthropogenic and climatic variables and b relative Score plots Segregation variables according to relative loading plots. For topographic and geographic variables acronyms are: peak elevation (PE), distance from the sea (SD), latitude (LAT) and slope (SLP); for climatic variables: mean annual temperature (MAT), mean temperature of warmest month (MTWM), mean temperature of coldest month (MTCM), mean temperature of warmest quarter (MTWQ), mean temperature of coldest quarter (MTCQ) and annual precipitation (AP). For anthropogenic variables: population density at 10.0 km radius around each mountain peak in the year 1860 (HP1860), 1921 (HP1921), and 2011 (HP2011). Minimum treeline elevation (MinTL), Average treeline elevation (AveTL) and Maximum treeline elevation (MaxTL) were also plotted as supplementary variables (red vectors) following Legendre and Legendre (2012)

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