Table 2 Results from the best-fit linear mixed models for large (> 10 cm DBH), small (1 cm ≤ BDH < 10 cm) and all trees (DBH > 1 cm). BDobs: observed β-diversity. BDexp: expected β-diversity. BDdev: β-deviation (BDobs – BDexp)/SDexp. Conditional R2 takes into account both fixed and random effects to measure the goodness of adjustment and prediction power, while marginal R2 only has the fixed effects part. NS > 0.05, *p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001
Dependent variable | Variable | Parameter | Standard error | p-value | Marginal R2 | Conditional R2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Large trees | BDobs | 10 × 10 | 0.80 | 0.016 | *** | ||
20 × 20 | 0.65 | 0.016 | *** | ||||
50 × 50 | 0.39 | 0.016 | *** | ||||
elevation | −0.07 | 0.017 | ** | 0.89 | 0.94 | ||
richness | 0.06 | 0.013 | ** | ||||
20 × 20 × elevation | 0.01 | 0.018 | NS | ||||
50 × 50 × elevation | 0.05 | 0.018 | ** | ||||
BDexp | 10 × 10 | 0.78 | 0.015 | *** | |||
20 × 20 | 0.58 | 0.015 | *** | ||||
50 × 50 | 0.30 | 0.015 | *** | 0.93 | 0.95 | ||
elevation | −0.08 | 0.011 | *** | ||||
richness | 0.05 | 0.012 | *** | ||||
BDdev | 10 × 10 | 3.85 | 0.7 | *** | |||
20 × 20 | 6.73 | 0.7 | *** | ||||
50 × 50 | 6.80 | 0.7 | *** | ||||
elevation | 1.07 | 0.7 | NS | 0.94 | 0.95 | ||
richness | 0.04 | 0.006 | * | ||||
20 × 20 × elevation | 0.62 | 0.5 | NS | ||||
50 × 50 × elevation | 1.76 | 0.5 | ** | ||||
Small Trees | BDobs | 5 × 5 | 0.77 | 0.011 | *** | ||
10 × 10 | 0.57 | 0.013 | *** | 0.94 | 0.95 | ||
20 × 20 | 0.37 | 0.013 | *** | ||||
elevation | −0.03 | 0.011 | * | ||||
richness | 0.02 | 0.007 | * | ||||
BDexp | 5 × 5 | 0.70 | 0.014 | *** | |||
10 × 10 | 0.47 | 0.014 | *** | ||||
20 × 20 | 0.25 | 0.014 | *** | 0.92 | 0.96 | ||
elevation | −0.05 | 0.013 | * | ||||
richness | 0.02 | 0.012 | * | ||||
BDdev | 5 × 5 | 9.80 | 1.0 | *** | |||
10 × 10 | 10.5 | 0.6 | *** | ||||
20 × 20 | 9.71 | 0.6 | *** | ||||
elevation | 22.53 | 1.0 | * | 0.25 | 0.85 | ||
10 × 10 × elevation | 0.03 | 0.6 | NS | ||||
20 × 20 × elevation | 1.6 | 0.6 | * | ||||
All Trees | BDobs | 5 × 5 | 0.76 | 0.009 | *** | ||
10 × 10 | 0.56 | 0.009 | *** | ||||
20 × 20 | 0.35 | 0.009 | *** | 0.93 | 0.97 | ||
elevación | −0.04 | 0.007 | *** | ||||
richness | 0.03 | 0.007 | * | ||||
BDexp | 5 × 5 | 0.69 | 0.012 | *** | |||
10 × 10 | 0.46 | 0.012 | *** | ||||
20 × 20 | 0.25 | 0.012 | *** | 0.95 | 0.97 | ||
elevación | −0.06 | 0.010 | *** | ||||
richness | 0.03 | 0.010 | ** | ||||
BDdev | 5 × 5 | 10.1 | 1.2 | *** | |||
10 × 10 | 10.6 | 1.2 | *** | 0.30 | 0.80 | ||
20 × 20 | 10.0 | 1.2 | *** | ||||
elevation | 2.65 | 1.7 | * |