Thinning effects on biomass and element concentrations of roots in adjacent hornbeam and oak stands in Istanbul, Turkey

Akburak, Serdar; Makineci, Ender

doi:10.1186/s40663-020-00279-4

Forest Ecosystems

Table 2 Results on the comparison of root parameters between thinned and control plots (Kruskal-Wallis and U-test, α = 0.05, n = 90)

From: Thinning effects on biomass and element concentrations of roots in adjacent hornbeam and oak stands in Istanbul, Turkey

0–2^a mm	OT	OC	HT	HC	p	2–5 mm	OT	OC	HT	HC	p	> 5 mm	OT	OC	HT	HC	p
Mass^a	842.94^a ±84.75	997.84^b ±106.56	804.95^ac ±88.18	667.69^d ±68.80	*0.032*	Mass	419.82^a ±54.24	411.19^a ±42.30	480.55^a ±56.08	384.01^a ±42.82	0.762	Mass	1059.87^a ±61.61	1988.76^b ±196.42	871.50^c ±62.58	783.40^c ±54.15	*0.000*
C	41.22^a ±0.41	39.78^b ±0.50	40.27^abc ±0.70	40.80^ab ±0.68	0.259	C	46.44^a ±0.37	45.54^a ±0.49	48.66^b ±0.33	47.27^ac ±0.45	*0.000*	C	46.59^a ±0.36	46.41^a ±0.28	47.80^b ±0.37	47.72^b ±0.35	*0.013*
N	1.42^a ±0.04	1.45^a ±0.02	1.49^a ±0.03	1.48^a ±0.03	0.745	N	1.10^a ±0.03	1.12^a ±0.03	1.08^a ±0.02	1.08^a ±0.03	0.290	N	0.95^a ±0.03	0.97^a ±0.03	0.90^a ±0.02	0.94^a ±0.02	0.579
Pb	29.04^a ±1.06	24.75^b ±0.50	31.64^c ±0.78	16.69^d ±0.37	*0.000*	Pb	9.21 ^a ±0.97	9.01^a ±0.71	12.64 ^b ±0.69	4.99 ^c ±0.23	*0.000*	Pb	2.50 ^a ±0.17	3.02 ^a ±0.19	8.13 ^b ±0.62	3.88 ^c ±0.18	*0.000*
Cd	0.49^b ±0.01	0.44^a ±0.01	0.56^c ± 0.02	0.52^bc ±0.02	*0.000*	Cd	0.28 ^a ±0.01	0.23 ^b ±0.01	0.23 ^b ±0.01	0.18 ^c ±0.01	*0.000*	Cd	0.16 ^a ±0.01	0.13 ^bd ±0.01	0.23 ^c ±0.01	0.15 ^ad ±0.01	*0.000*
Ni	35.38^b ±0.67	31.52^a ±0.42	34.85^a ±0.73	36.91^b ±0.66	*0.001*	Ni	14.43 ^ad ±1.03	10.57 ^b ±0.40	17.77 ^ac ±1.97	13.16 ^bd ±1.02	0.081	Ni	16.69 ^a ±2.09	15.92 ^a ±2.14	16.95 ^a ±2.29	18.36 ^a ±2.59	0.780
Zn	52.67^bc ±1.01	47.55^a ±0.66	50.59^ab ±1.72	55.58^c ±1.83	*0.003*	Zn	21.74 ^a ±1.32	21.17 ^a ±0.87	18.51 ^a ±0.69	23.65 ^a ±1.47	0.191	Zn	11.08 ^a ±0.89	10.04 ^a ±0.44	18.08 ^b ±1.02	16.08 ^c ±1.03	*0.000*
Cu	22.06 ^a ±0.32	22.46 ^a ±0.16	21.67 ^b ±0.45	21.04 ^b ±0.20	*0.000*	Cu	6.21 ^a ±0.21	6.44 ^a ±0.14	6.35 ^a ±0.25	6.90 ^a ±0.29	0.315	Cu	4.12 ^a ±0.21	4.83 ^bc ±0.12	4.65 ^ac ±0.22	4.83 ^bc ±0.18	*0.029*
Mn	613 ^a ±15.7	478 ^b ±8.44	812 ^c ±17.1	1008 ^d ±16.7	*0.000*	Mn	243 ^a ±10.4	198 ^b ±7.09	671 ^c ±27.9	548 ^d ±28.9	*0.000*	Mn	159.1 ^a ±7.61	133.7 ^b ±5.11	549.5 ^c ±39.3	506 ^c ±27.6	*0.000*
Al	15742^a ±339	14,879 ^b ±146	13786^bc ±323	13151^c ±162	*0.000*	Al	2473 ^ad ±114	3069 ^b ±135	2347 ^ac ±167	2624 ^bd ±166	*0.002*	Al	1386 ^a ±159	2023 ^bd ±130	1616 ^c ±105	2400 ^d ±141	*0.000*
Fe	9374^a ±186	9860^b ±64.5	7271^c ±181	6533^d ±113	*0.000*	Fe	1242 ^a ±72.5	1714 ^b ±103	1154 ^a ±68.6	1420 ^a ±123	*0.000*	Fe	958 ^ac ±115	1436 ^bd ±95.4	954 ^c ±69.2	1345 ^d ±84.9	*0.000*
Ca	5533^a ±51.5	5686^b ±40.6	4004^c ±143	5302^ad ±91.3	*0.000*	Ca	11,218 ^a ±492	10379^a ±414	5075 ^b ±191	6674 ^c ±264	*0.000*	Ca	10,361 ^a ±575	9252 ^a ±207	6219 ^b ±288	6894 ^b ±209	*0.000*
Na	1083^b ±28.3	1002^a ±30.4	937^a ±37	1140^b ±39.8	*0.001*	Na	763 ^a ±33.3	808 ^a ±37.8	788 ^a ±36.7	828 ^a ±36.3	0.821	Na	660 ^a ±53.1	830 ^b ±47.1	756 ^ab ±43.8	674 ^ab ±34.3	*0.020*
K	3007^a ±75.6	2764^b ±75.3	2022^c ±57.3	2504^d ±57.9	*0.000*	K	2011 ^a ±137	1720 ^bd ±96.4	1397 ^c ±77.7	1852 ^ad ±94.1	*0.004*	K	1453 ^ac ±82.5	1883 ^a ±131	1201 ^b ±56.2	1428 ^c ±58.7	*0.000*
Mg	2533 ^a ±35.4	2401 ^b ±15.2	1593 ^c ±31.3	2060 ^d ±28.8	*0.000*	Mg	1118 ^ac ±40.2	978 ^b ±30.9	1081 ^bc ±48.6	1296 ^d ±57	*0.001*	Mg	836.9 ^a ±53.6	814 ^a ±43.6	994 ^b ±39.9	1107 ^c ±44.1	*0.000*
P	732 ^a ±14.4	673 ^b ±13.3	710 ^abc ±26.6	737 ^ac ±14.9	0.194	P	298 ^ac ±8.6	239 ^b ±6.1	271 ^c ±12.6	292 ^c ±10.4	*0.000*	P	226 a ±6.2	184 b ±6.3	216 ac ±9.4	253 d ±7.7	*0.000*
S	2060^a ±75.6	2205 ^a ±60.8	3109 ^b ±146.2	3104 ^b ±136.9	*0.000*	S	1409 ^a ±54.8	1365 ^a ±38.2	2616 ^b ±130.4	3118 ^c ±72.7	*0.000*	S	1073 ^a ±39.3	1146 ^a ±50.6	2018 ^b ±134.6	2662 ^c ±108.0	*0.000*

^a: Taken from Akburak (2013), “±” standard error, data are mean values, OT: Oak thinned area, OC: Oak control area, HT: Hornbeam thinned area, HC: Hornbeam control area, mass: g∙m⁻², C and N: %, other elements: mg∙kg⁻¹

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