Fig. 3

The northern hardwoods Monte Carlo simulation correlation results as the average over 1,000 replications for each BAF pair and sample size. The tree-wise correlations, \({{{\hat {{\rho }}}\!\left ({{\mathbb {V}}_{{i}}, {{b_{{i}}}}}\right)}}\) (dot-dashed, x), and point-wise correlations \(\protect \phantom {\dot {i}\!}{{\hat {{\rho }}}\!\left ({{{\mathbb {V}}_{{\mathrm {v}}_{s}}}}, {{{B}_{{\mathrm {c}}_{s}}}}\right)}\) (dash, +) and \(\protect \phantom {\dot {i}\!}{{\hat {{\rho }}}\!\left ({{{\bar {{\mathbb {V}}}}_{{\mathrm {v}}_{s}}}}, {{\bar {{B}}}_{{\mathrm {c}}_{s}}}\right)}\) (solid, ◇), are presented. The reference lines (dotted) show the population correlation of \({{\rho }\!\left ({{\mathbb {V}}},{b}\right)} = 0.62\) over all trees in the population