Table 1 Study sites characteristics. Mean values ± standard errors

Slope aspect

South

North

–

Topographic position

Low hillside

Low hillside

Valley bottom

Annual mean temp. (°C)

7.0

8.0

9.4

Summer mean temp. (°C)

12.7

13.5

15.9

Winter mean temp. (°C)

2.5

2.7

2.3

Annual precipitation (mm)

1100

1100

950

Soil group

Hapludands

Hapludands

Udivitrands

Soil depth (cm)

125

55

90

Carbon (%)

8

5.7

6.3

Nitrogen (%)

0.5

0.3

0.4

Phosphorus-Olsen (μg·g⁻¹)

7.7

1.5

2

Stand age (years)

~ 50

~ 50

~ 30

Stems density (stems·ha^− 1)

9847 ± 696

8554 ± 1591

37,129 ± 354

N. antarctica dominant height (m)

6.1 ± 0.7

3.4 ± 0.4

2.5 ± 0.1

N. antarctica mean base diameter (cm)

9.0 ± 0.7

6.9 ± 0.4

3.1 ± 0.1

Firewood volume (m³·ha^− 1)*

149.5 ± 22.9

77.7 ± 20.2

9.3 ± 1.8

MAI (m³·ha^− 1·year^− 1)**

2.9 ± 0.5 (a)

1.6 ± 0.4 (b)

0.3 ± 0.1 (c)

Main woody species (%)

Nothofagus antarctica (41.5)

Embothrium coccineum (38.1)

Schinus patagonicus (10.8)

Others (9.6)

Nothofagus antarctica (41.3)

Lomatia hirsuta (32.8)

Schinus patagonicus (16.6)

Others (9.3)

Nothofagus antarctica (100)