Fig. 7
From: Trees of Panama: A complete checklist with every geographic range
Range extent vs. maximum height for 2461 tree species in Panama for which a maximum height was recorded. Faint gray points show individual species’ ranges based on BIEN or Tropicos data. Large black triangles are the median range extent in 5-m height categories, using merged data (BIEN plus Tropicos). The solid black line is the overall regression (fixed effect) of log-transformed range extent (from merged data) against height; the slope is significantly > 0. Dashed lines are regressions for the 35 individual families (random effects) with at least 15 species. Two families illustrating taxonomic variation are highlighted with colored regression lines and points for species: Annonaceae with small ranges and a steep increase with height (blue) versus Fabaceae with large ranges and no increase with height variation (red). Among those 35 families, using fitted ranges at 10 m tall (ie where the family regression crosses height = 10), there were 12 significantly different from the median of 3.7×105 km2. Among taller trees (the fitted range at 30 m tall), families converged in range size; only six were significantly different from the median of 1.2×106 km2. The horizontal dashed line is at 20×103 km2