Restoration periods | Solum | Soil layers (cm) | Color | Texture | Structure | Moisture | Soil compaction | Root quantity | Gravel content (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4–5 years | A | 0–14 | dull red-reddish brown | sandy loam-light loam | granular | wet | tight | a little | 18 |
B | 14–43 | reddish brown-yellow brown | sandy loam-light loam | granular | wet | tight | nothing | 16 | |
C | >  43 | yellow brown-reddish brown | sandy loam-light loam | granular | damp | tight | nothing | 20 | |
10–12 years | A | 0–19 | dark brown-yellow brown | light loam | granular | wet | more porous | middle | 42 |
B | 19–72 | white yellow-tan | light loam | granular | wet | more tight | nothing | 49 | |
C | >  72 | white yellow-tan | light loam | granular | damp | tight | nothing | 53 | |
45–46 years | A | 0–21 | dark yellow-reddish brown | sandy loam-light loam | micro-aggregates | wet | more tight | middle | 14 |
B | 21–72 | tan-reddish brown | sandy loam-light loam | micro-aggregates | wet | tight | a little | 13 | |
C | >  72 | yellow-reddish brown | sandy loam-light loam | block cloddy | damp | tight | nothing | 15 | |
Old growth forest | A | 0–18 | dark brown-dull brown | light loam | micro-aggregates | wet | more porous | middle | 18 |
B | 18–105 | yellow brown-reddish brown | light loam | micro-aggregates | more wet | more tight | a little | 29 | |
C | >  105 | reddish brown | light loam | micro-aggregates | more wet | tight | a little | 41 |