Fig. 3

Relationships between soil properties and vegetation features (with the fitted lines, n = 16). Vegetation features include biomass (a); diameter at breast height (b); height (c); and Shannon–Wiener Index (d). Significant correlations between soil properties and vegetation features are indicated with asterisks (*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001). All variables were normalized by min-max normalization to keep a common scale ranging from 0 to 1