Fig. 5
From: Gap models across micro- to mega-scales of time and space: examples of Tansley’s ecosystem concept
(a) UVAFME-simulated species-specific biomass for a site in interior Alaska under RCP 8.5 climate change scenario (+ 7 °C, + 146 mm precipitation); (b) simulated deciduous fraction (%) for the same simulation; (c) simulated organic layer depth (cm; brown) and active layer depth (cm; gray) for the same simulation; (d) simulated plant-available nitrogen (kg N·ha− 1) for the same simulation. Red dashed lines indicate the period of climate change. Increasing temperatures result in a shift in the species composition and biomass, impacting the soil regime, which further influenced the changing vegetation. Redrawn from Foster et al. (2019)