Fig. 3
From: Gap models across micro- to mega-scales of time and space: examples of Tansley’s ecosystem concept
Micro-scale simulations of forest dynamics in composition, productivity, and hydrocarbon emissions in Southeastern US using UVAFME-VOC. (a) Contemporary forest dynamics in the Southeastern US. (b) Forests around the 1900s with American Chestnut (pre-blight). The width of each color band represents the biomass of different species (see the color code in Wang et al. 2017a). (c) Unsuppressed forest biomass and (d) enhanced hydrocarbon emissions driven by ozone pressure, which is implemented by imposing species-specific sensitivity on the forest illustrated in panel a. (e) Schematic of diversity-mediated threshold of forest hydrocarbon production under warming, where ecological suppression offsets physiological enhancement. Prior to and beyond the threshold, distinctive feedback mechanisms between climate and atmospheric chemistry mediated by forests may occur. Figures reproduced from Wang et al. (2016, 2017a, 2018)