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Forest Ecosystems
Fig. 2 | Forest Ecosystems

Fig. 2

From: Selective and taxon-dependent effects of semi-feral cattle grazing on tree regeneration in an old-growth Mediterranean mountain forest

Fig. 2

(a) Redundancy analysis (RDA) ordination diagram of both seedling and sapling communities, with a scatter diagram of sample scores clustered in terms of transect number and livestock presence (unfenced vs fenced). FASY: Fagus sylvatica; QUPU: Quercus pubescens; SOAR: Sorbus aria; PRAV: Prunus avium; ACER: Acer sp.; FREX: Fraxinus sp.; PINI: Pinus nigra; ILAQ: Ilex aquifolium; Unf: unfenced area (presence of semi-feral cattle); Fen: fenced area (absence of semi-feral cattle); 1 to 4: transect number. The ellipses correspond to confidence intervals of 1.5× standard deviation for the average coordinates of samples. (b) Scores along the first axis of a conditioned redundancy analysis ordination (horizontal axis) diagram of seedling and sapling communities that only includes the effect of cattle presence (the effects of transect and year were excluded)

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