Fig. 1

(a) Precipitation anomalies for the experimental period 2006–2012 relative to historical average (1140 mm, 1976–2017); horizontal dashed lines indicate standard deviations (327 mm). Monthly total precipitation (b) and average air temperature (c) for 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, with the historical values (1976–2017) shown for comparison