Table 3 Silvicultural and ecological characteristics of the analyzed 295 study sites
From: Success factors for high-quality oak forest (Quercus robur, Q. petraea) regeneration
Factors | Number of study sites / values | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | |||
Forest development goal reached (expert opinion) | 163 | 132 | ||
Tillage and mounding | 104 | 191 | ||
Young growth tending/pre-commercial thinning | 199 | 96 | ||
Fencing | 245 | 50 | ||
Presence of canopy trees | 118 | 177 | ||
Preceding land-use type | Oak stand | Not oak stand | ||
134 | 161 | |||
Landscape context | Low mountain range | Lowland | ||
122 | 173 | |||
Regeneration method | Natural regeneration | Planting | Natural regeneration and planting | Seeding |
11 | 257 | 22 | 5 | |
Water supply status | Dry soils | Fresh soils | Periodically moist/wet soils | Moist/wet soils |
59 | 121 | 72 | 43 | |
Nutrient supply status | Eutrophic soils | Mesotrophic soils | Oligotrophic soils | |
45 | 230 | 20 | ||
Minimum | Mean | Maximum | ||
Stand size (ha) | 0.1 | 1.8 | 17 | |
Stand age (years) | 2 | 12.7 | 20 | |
Canopy layer cover (%) | 0 | 9.5 | 85 | |
Cover of competitive weeds (%) | 0 | 1.1 | 100 | |
Cover of competitive grass (%) | 0 | 19.0 | 100 | |
Cover of competitive bracken (%) | 0 | 1.8 | 100 | |
Cover of competitive shrubs (%) | 0 | 12.4 | 100 | |