Table 2 Considered ecological and silvicultural factors
From: Success factors for high-quality oak forest (Quercus robur, Q. petraea) regeneration
Ecological and silvicultural factors | Data source | Data type | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Ecological factors | Competition by other tree species | Field inventory | See section “Data analysis in a three-step success model” | Ammer and Dingel 1997; Wagner and Röker 2000; Ligot et al. 2013 |
Competitive vegetation (weeds, grass, bracken) | Field inventory | Numerical | Humphrey and Swaine 1997; Leonardsson et al. 2015; Jensen and Löf 2017 | |
Shrub competition (bramble, raspberry) | Field inventory | Numerical | ||
Canopy layer cover (proxy for light availability) | Field inventory | Numerical | ||
Water supply status | Forest inventory database | Nominal | ||
Nutrient supply status | Forest inventory database | Ordinal | ||
Lowland or low mountain range | Forest inventory database | Binary | Leuschner and Ellenberg 2017 | |
Climate quotient Q (after Ellenberg) | German Meteorological Service (DWD) | Numerical | Leuschner and Ellenberg 2017 | |
Silvicultural factors | Stand age | Forest inventory database | Numerical | Annighöfer et al. 2015 |
Fencing | Field inventory | Binary | ||
Preceding land-use type | Forest inventory database | Binary | Valtinat et al. 2008 | |
Regeneration method | Forest inventory database / field inventory | Nominal | Burckhardt 1870; Solymos 1993; Struck 1999; Drößler et al. 2012; Kohler et al. 2015 | |
Stand size | Forest inventory database | Numerical | Březina and Dobrovolný 2011 | |
Site preparation | Field inventory | Binary | ||
Tending of young growth / pre-commercial thinning | Field inventory | Binary | Leibundgut 1978 | |