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Forest Ecosystems
Fig. 3 | Forest Ecosystems

Fig. 3

From: Impacts of fire severity and cattle grazing on early plant dynamics in old-growth Araucaria-Nothofagus forests

Fig. 3

Integrated ordination analysis based on non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) biplot (stress = 0.156) for (a) plots from different fire severity levels over the years and (b) the direction and length of richness and abundance vectors, computed using the “envfit” function in the vegan R package. Note that gray arrows sequences in (a) are connecting first, second, and third year measurements within the same plots

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