Understory vegetation in planted pine forests governs bird community composition and diversity in the eastern Mediterranean region

Forest Ecosystems

Table 5 Total number and diversity indices (Alpha and Gamma) of birds observed in each type of forest habitat during the study (all seasons pooled)

Species name	Dense forest (DF)	No understory forest (NF)	Open forest (OF)	Total
Accipiter nisus	10	1	1	12
Alectoris chukar	10	0	9	19
Aquila pomarina	1	1	0	2
Buteo buteo	0	1	1	2
Carduelis carduelis	1	0	2	3
Carduelis chloris	4	0	4	8
Cinnyris osea	0	0	1	1
Clamator glandarius	0	3	0	3
Coccothraustes coccothraustes	0	0	1	1
Columba palumbus	0	13	43	56
Corvus cornix	17	4	12	33
Erithacus rubecula	31	0	34	65
Falco subbuteo	2	0	0	2
Falco tinnunculus	4	1	6	11
Fringilla coelebs	53	61	59	173
Garrulus glandarius	42	29	28	99
Hippolais languida	1	0	0	1
Oriolus oriolus	0	2	0	2
Parus major	49	7	58	114
Phylloscopus collybita	58	21	48	127
Phylloscopus trochilus	6	0	0	6
Prinia gracilis	1	0	0	1
Psittacula krameri	0	0	2	2
Scolopax rusticola	2	0	0	2
Streptopelia decaocto	37	31	47	115
Streptopelia turtur	1	0	0	1
Sylvia atricapilla	3	0	1	4
Sylvia curruca	0	1	0	1
Sylvia hortensis	0	0	1	1
Sylvia melanocephala	246	17	196	459
Troglodytes troglodytes	10	0	1	11
Turdus merula	69	4	57	130
Turdus philomelos	0	0	1	1
Total	658	205	613	1476
Alpha Diversity	23	16	23
Gamma Diversity				33