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Table 3 Parameters used to characterize the habitat structure of each of three types of forest habitats

From: Understory vegetation in planted pine forests governs bird community composition and diversity in the eastern Mediterranean region

Parameter

No understory forest

(n = 6)

Dense forest

(n = 8)

Open forest

(n = 6)

Average

SD

Average

SD

Average

SD

Soil (cover percentage)

12.09%

11.47%

13.86%

9.09%

15.37%

14.54%

Low trees (cover percentage)

0

0

65.11%

98.14%

35.28%

45.97%

Shrubs (cover percentage)

0.73%

1.64%

119.49%

56.23%

111.92%

26.77%

Total vegetation (cover percentage)

12.83%

11.72%

198.46%

128.29%

162.57%

52.75%

Trees per ha

1100.00

412.31

1525.00

263.39

366.67

137.44

Average tree height (m)

18.57

1.91

17.25

2.34

16.66

2.02

Average tree volume (cm)

96.93

12.31

91.82

7.42

103.37

0.28%

Smilax aspera (cover percentage)

2.78%

4.47%

58.03%

34.61%

24.79%

39.17%

Asparagus aphyllus (cover percentage)

5.75%

12.75%

29.95%

34.93%

2.53%

2.10%

Pistacia lentiscus (cover percentage)

0.24%

0.54%

60.76%

48.29%

26.26%

28.50%

Rhamnus lycioides (cover percentage)

2.25%

3.88%

25.50%

22.16%

61.93%

43.06%