Understory vegetation in planted pine forests governs bird community composition and diversity in the eastern Mediterranean region

Forest Ecosystems

Table 1 The total numbers of the most common 10 bird species observed in the three types of forest habitats (normalized by number of visits per site, all seasons pooled)

Species name	Common name	No understory forest	Dense forest	Open forest	Total
Sylvia melanocephala	Sardinian warbler	17^a	185^b	196^b	459**
Fringilla coelebs	Common chaffinch	61	40	59	173
Turdus merula	Blackbird	4^a	52^b	57^b	130**
Phylloscopus collybita	Chiffchaff	21	43.5	48	127
Streptopelia decaocto	Collared dove	31	28	47	115
Parus major	Great tit	7^a	37^b	58^b	114*
Garrulus glandarius	Eurasian jay	29	32	28	99
Erithacus rubecula	European robin	0^a	22^b	34^b	65*
Columba palumbus	Common wood pigeon	13	0	43	56
Corvus cornix	Hooded crow	4	13	12	33

(*) significantly lower abundance, a p-value of p < 0.001, in one-way ANOVA (different letters above bars indicate significant differences, Bonferroni Multiple Comparison Test, p < 0.05)
(**) significantly lower abundance, a p-value of p < 0.0006, in one-way ANOVA (different letters above bars indicate significant differences, Bonferroni Multiple Comparison Test, p < 0.05)