Fig. 4

Example of bird community networks (Spring only) in three pine forest types in northern Israel: Dense forest (DF) and Open forest (OF) both with developed understory vegetation and a pine forest without understory (NF). Species are represented by the circles (nodes) and interactions are represented by the links. Node sizes are proportional to total number of observations of each bird species. An, Accipiter nisus; Ac, Alectoris chukar; Bb, Buteo buteo; Cc, Carduelis carduelis; Cch, Carduelis chloris; Cg, Clamator glandarius; Cco, Coccothraustes coccothraustes; Ccor, Corvus cornix; Co, Cinnyris osea; Cp, Columba palumbus; Er, Erithacus rubecula; Fc, Fringilla coelebs; Ft, Falco tinnunculus; Gg, Garrulus glandarius; Hl, Hippolais languida; Oo, Oriolus oriolus; Pc, Phylloscopus collybita; Pg, Prinia gracilis; Pk, Psittacula krameri; Pm, Parus major; Pt, Phylloscopus trochilus; Sa, Sylvia atricapilla; Sd, Streptopelia decaocto; Sh, Sylvia hortensis; Sm, Sylvia melanocephala; St, Streptopelia turtur; Tm, Turdus merula; Tt, Troglodytes troglodytes