Fig. 6

Histogram of (A) mean annual NPP, (B) ET and (C) WUE by forest type and establishment mode over the period 2000–2014 in the study area of Lushuihe of Jilin Province, Northeast China. Vertical bars indicate standard errors. The lowercase letters above the bars designate significant differences between regeneration modes within forest types at p <  0.05 (Duncan’s multi-range test)