Table 1 The 44 unrecognized real trees or “cryptic trees”, i.e. usually with a shrubby form, occurring in the Mediterranean-European region, with indications about their distribution and ecology
From: What is a tree in the Mediterranean Basin hotspot? A critical analysis
Taxa | Family | Global distribution area | Ecology |
|---|---|---|---|
Alnus viridis (Chaix) DC. | Betulaceae | Arctico-Alpine | Subalpine and oro-mediterranean scrublands |
Buxus balearica Lam. | Buxaceae | SW Mediterranean, S Anatolia | Scrublands on predominantly carbonate substrates |
Buxus sempervirens L. | Buxaceae | Mediterranean-European | Submediterranean scrublands |
Chamaerops humilis L. | Arecaceae | CW Mediterranean | Thermophilous scrublands, coastal scree and cliffs |
Cotinus coggygria Scop. | Anacardiaceae | S European, Irano-Turanian | Eumediterranean and submediterranean dry scrublands, warm and mesophilous habitats of southern exposure inland |
Cotoneaster granatensis Boiss. | Rosaceae | Endemic to S Spain (Andalusia) | Rocky matorrals, deciduous and pine forests |
Crataegus azarolus L. | Rosaceae | E Mediterranean | Open scrublands |
Crataegus heldreichii Boiss. | Rosaceae | Balkan | Open coniferous forests, mixed scrubs, dry rocky meadows |
Crataegus laciniata Ucria | Rosaceae | CW Mediterranean | Clearings of mountain woods |
Crataegus laevigata (Poir.) DC. | Rosaceae | CW Mediterranean | Mesophilic shingles and hedges of the hilly and mountainous vegetation belt, oak forests outside the flood, mountain beech forests |
Crataegus monogyna Jacq. | Rosaceae | Mediterranean-European | Coastal dry scrublands, Inland mesophilic shingles and hedges |
Crataegus nevadensis K.I.Chr. | Rosaceae | Endemic of S Spain (Andalusia) | Clearings and edges of mountain woods |
Crataegus orientalis Pall. ex M.Bieb. | Rosaceae | E Mediterranean and SW Asia | Rocky places in meadows and open woodlands |
Crataegus pentagyna Willd. | Rosaceae | Balkan | Open forest, mixed scrubs, dry rocky meadows |
Crataegus pycnoloba Boiss & Heldr. | Rosaceae | Endemic of Greece (Peloponnese) | Rocky limestone ridhes and slope, dry grassy plateau, scrubs and open Abies cephalonica forests |
Cytisus aeolicus Guss. | Fabaceae | Endemic of Sicily (Aeolian Islands) | Dry slopes and open scrublands on volcanic substrates |
Erica arborea L. | Ericaceae | Mediterranean, Macaronesian, E. Africa, Sahara | Thermophilous scrublands in non-carbonatic substrates |
Fontanesia philliraeoides Labill. | Oleaceae | E Mediterranean | Dry maquis |
Frangula alnus Mill. | Rhamnaceae | C European, Mediterranean | Riparian forests of alder and ash |
Genista etnensis (Raf.) DC. | Fabaceae | Endemic of Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica | Arborescent matorrals on non-carbonatic substrates |
Genista tyrrhena Valsecchi | Fabaceae | Endemic of Sicily (Aeolian Islands) and Lazio (Pontian Islands) | Arid volcanic slopes on rocky and sandy substrates |
Juniperus communis L. | Cupressaceae | Eurasiatic | Rocky meadows, mountain pastures, mesophilic hedges and shrubs, forests edges in submontane areas |
Juniperus deltoides R.P.Adams | Cupressaceae | CE Mediterranean | Open woodlands and scrublands on mid-altitudes |
Juniperus navicularis Gand. | Cupressaceae | Endemic of SW Iberian Peninsula | Arborescent matorral on maritime sands |
Juniperus oxycedrus L. | Cupressaceae | Mediterranean-Pontic | Eumediterranean and submediterranean dry areas in open forests and matorrals |
Juniperus phoenicea L. | Cupressaceae | Mediterranean, Macaronesian, Red Sea | Eumediterranean dry and warm areas in evergreen oak and pine forests, coastal matorrals |
Myrica faya Aiton | Myricaceae | Macaronesia, S Portugal | Underwood of pinewoods on siliceous |
Myrtus communis L. | Myrtaceae | Mediterranean, Macaronesian, Irano-Turanian | Thermophilous scrublands on non-carbonatic substrates, small swampy forest stands |
Nerium oleander L. | Apocynaceae | Mediterranean, Sahara | Thermophilous and temporary riverbeds, wet lowlands |
Phillyrea angustifolia L. | Oleaceae | W Mediterranean | Evergreen oak and alepo pine forests, dry and warm habitats often stony, matorrals |
Phillyrea latifolia L. | Oleaceae | Mediterranean | Evergreen oak and alepo pine forests, on dry and warm habitats often stony, matorrals |
Pistacia lentiscus L. | Anacardiaceae | Mediterranean, Macaronesian, | Evergreen oak forests and matorrals |
Pistacia terebinthus L. | Anacardiaceae | Mediterranean, S European | Evergreen oak forests and matorrals |
Prunus mahaleb L. | Rosaceae | S European-Pontic | Thermophilous forests of pubescent oak and matorrals |
Quercus coccifera L. | Fagaceae | Mediterranean | Evergreen oak forests and matorrals |
Rhamnus alaternus L. | Rhamnaceae | Mediterranean | Mixed evergreen and deciduous forests, matorrals dominated by evergreen oaks |
Rhododendron ponticum L. | Ericaceae | S Iberian Peninsula, Lebanon, Pontic region | Mixed woodlands in humid ravines on siliceous |
Sambucus nigra L. | Adoxaceae | European-Caucasian | Mesophilous underbrushs and hedges in hilly and mountains areas, deciduous forests |
Searsia tripartita (Ucria) Moffett | Anacardiaceae | S Mediterranean, Sahara | Open rocky matorrals in arid and desertic areas, temporary river banks |
Spartium junceum L. | Fabaceae | Mediterranean, European | Eumediterranean dry, warm and stony areas, often in more or less pure stands |
Styrax officinalis L. | Styracaceae | CE Mediterranean | Rocky and dry grasslands, thermophilous matorrals with evergreen oaks and alepo pine |
Vitex agnus-castus L. | Lamiaceae | Mediterranean, Irano-Turanian | Riverbeds, wet lowlands, thermophilous damp or floodes underbrushes |
Zelkova abelicea (Lam.) Boiss. | Ulmaceae | Endemic of Crete | Rocky slopes or flat valley bottoms in the mountains |
Zelkova sicula Di Pasquale, Garfi & Quézel | Ulmaceae | Endemic of Sicily | Scrublands on basaltic soil, riverbeds |