Table 4 Variables, groups of variables and most labor intensive variables

Sample plot description

17 variables determined before sample plot field works

30 variables determined on the plot in field:

Relief measurements, including micro- and mezo- relief elements, the steepness of the slope.

Soil description, including soil type, soil erosion, mechanical composition, humidity, humus type, humus layer depth.

Tree stand characteristic, including origin, number of canopy layers, age structure, type of canopy closure, stand sustainability and digression.

Ground vegetation

Projective cover by berries (8 species), medical plants (54 species), lichens length on trees stem.

Description of trees including dead trees

Tree coordinates, height up to living part of crown, height up to maximum diameter of crown, stem length without knots, crown ground projection, tree diameter and height increment for the last 10 years, technical quality.

Model tree measurements: tree length, diameter, diameter increment, bark width on relative tree height (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 of tree length).

Dead trees: type of damage, damage location on stem and intensity.

Measurements of stem form and wood quality

Measurement of tree diameters from stump up to crown for stem profiling.

Stem divided into sections according to quality criteria (number of branches per 1 m, rot, mechanical damage, etc.).

Biodiversity estimation

Estimated sample of 20 trees closest to plot center: species composition, spacing of tree species, spacing of individual trees, diversity of diameters and heights.

Regeneration measurements

Quantity, vitality, means age, height and diameter.

Description of undergrowth, fruits, nuts and medicine bushes and trees

Species (46),

height class,

quantity per height class,

mean age.

Deadwood (detritus) description

Detritus type (firewood, deadwood, stamps), spacing on sample plot, species, age, length, diameter, decay class, type of rot, size of rot.

Total