Table 6 Potential predictors that were tested during variable selection, X is the year of data collection, (X–1) is the previous year

tmean_egg_winter1

mean of daily mean temperature for period 15.10.–31.12. (X–1)

tmin_min_egg_winter1

minimum of daily minimum temperature for period 15.10.–31.12. (X–1)

rain_egg_winter1

mean daily precipitation for period 15.10.–31.12. (X–1)

frost.mean_egg_winter1

amount of frost days (daily mean temp. Below 0 °C) for period 15.10.–31.12. (X–1)

frost.min_egg_winter1

amount of frost days (daily minimum temp. Below 0 °C) for period 15.10.–31.12. (X–1)

tmean_egg_winter2

mean of daily mean temperature for period 01.01.–28.02. X

tmin_min_egg_winter2

minimum of daily minimum temperature for period 01.01.–28.02. X

rain_egg_winter2

mean daily precipitation for period 01.01.–28.02. X

frost.mean_egg_winter2

amount of frost days (daily mean temp. < 0 °C) for period 01.01.–28.02. X

frost.min_egg_winter2

amount of frost days (daily minimum temp. < 0 °C) for period 01.01.–28.02. X

tmean_egg_spring

mean of daily mean temperature for period 01.03.–14.04. X

tmin_min_egg_spring

minimum of daily minimum temperature for period 01.03.–14.04. X

rain_egg_spring

mean daily precipitation for period 01.03.–14.04. X

frost.mean_egg_spring

amount of frost days (daily mean temp. < 0 °C) for period 01.03.–14.04. X

frost.min_egg_spring

amount of frost days (daily minimum temp. <  0 °C) for period 01.03.–14.04. X

tmean_egg

mean of daily mean temperature for period 15.10.(X–1)–14.04. X

tmean_egg_late

mean of daily mean temperature for period 01.01.–14.04. X

rain_egg

mean daily precipitation for period 15.10. (X–1)–14.04. X

frost.mean_egg

amount of frost days (daily mean temp. < 0 °C) for period 15.10.(X–1)–14.04. X

frost.mean_winter

amount of frost days (daily mean temp. < 0 °C) for period 15.10. (X–1)–28.02. X

frost.min_winter

amount of frost days (daily mean temp. < 0 °C) for period 15.10.(X–1)–28.02.X

tmean_earlylarva

mean of daily mean temperature for period 15.04.–14.05. X

tmean_latelarva

mean of daily mean temperature for period 15.05.–14.06. X

tmin_min_earlylarva

minimum of daily minimum temperature for period 15.04.–14.05. X

tmin_min_latelarva

minimum of daily minimum temperature for period 15.05.–14.06. X

tmean_larva

mean of daily mean temperature for period 15.04.–14.06. X

tmin_min_larva

minimum of daily minimum temperature for period 15.04.–14.06. X

rain_mean_earlylarva

mean daily precipitation for period 15.04.–14.05. X

rain_mean_latelarva

mean daily precipitation for period 15.05.–14.06. X

rain_max_earlylarva

max. Daily precipitation for period 15.04.–14.05. X

rain_max_latelarva

max. Daily precipitation for period 15.05.–14.06. X

tmean_pupa1

mean of daily mean temperature for period 01.06.–31.08. X

rain_mean_pupa1

mean daily precipitation for period 01.06.–31.08. X

tmean_pupa2

mean of daily mean temperature for period 01.09.–14.10. X

rain_mean_pupa2

mean daily precipitation for period 01.09.–14.10. X

rain_mean_pupa

mean daily precipitation for period 01.06.–14.10. X

tmean_imago

mean of daily mean temperature for period 15.10.–14.12. X

tmin_imago

mean of daily minimum temperature for period 15.10.–14.12. X

rain_mean_imago

mean daily precipitation for period 15.10.–14.12. X

frost.min_imago

amount of frost days (daily minimum temp. < 0 °C) for period 15.10.–14.12. X

tmean_april

mean of daily mean temp. For period 01.04.–30.04. X

tmin_min_april

minimum of daily minimum temperature for period 01.04.–30.04. X

tmin_april

mean of daily minimum temperature for period 01.04.–30.04. X

veg_start

start of vegetation period for Quercus robur following the algorithm described by Menzel (1997)

latefrost

latest day in spring/summer when daily minimum temperature lies below 0 °C

april_warm

amount of days in April where the daily mean temperature is ≥10 °C

oak_perc

oak proportion (in percent)

age

stand age

stocking

ratio of absolute stand density to a reference level from yield table

nutrient level

five categories from 1 to 5 (poor to rich), unitized employing the synopsis by (Schmidt et al. 2015)

dist

distant to coast (in m)

aspect

calculated aspect of the stand in degree

dgm25

altitude in m a.s.l.

diurnal_anisotropic_heating

diurnal heat balance as influenced by topography (Böhner and Antonić 2009)

general_curvature

rate of change of slope (Zevenbergen and Thorne 1987b)

slope

slope in degree

pestcontrol

binomial distributed categorical variable indicating whether pest control