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Forest Ecosystems
Fig. 2 | Forest Ecosystems

Fig. 2

From: Young and old forest in the boreal: critical stages of ecosystem dynamics and management under global change

Fig. 2

A model based illustration of how forest stand age distribution and species composition at the landscape level depends on the interaction between fire regime and tree species traits. Young forest cover a major part of the landscape when disturbances are stand-replacing or severe. The share of old forest is emphasized when disturbances are of medium to low severity. a All fires are stand-replacing. b High-severity fires prevail, but some fire-tolerant species survive fires. c Fires are of moderate severity. d Low-severity fires dominate and large fire-tolerant species survive. The figure is redrawn from Pennanen’s (2002) Fig. 2; the results are based on model simulations and represent steady-state distributions, where the fire rotation was 95 years. Stand age is classified based on the oldest tree cohort (for details see Pennanen 2002)

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