Fig. 2
From: Forests, atmospheric water and an uncertain future: the new biology of the global water cycle
The Cold Amazon Paradox: during the wettest months the land is colder, not warmer, than the ocean. We compare two areas (top panel) land in the Amazon, green-lines (all land between 70 W and 40 W, 2.5 N and 7.5S), and ocean, blue-lines (sea at 40 W-20 W, 2.5 N and 7.5S). Upper graphs: Monthly rainfall and surface temperature oC (at 1000 hPa). Lower graphs: winds: meridional (south to north) and zonal (west to east). These mean values were derived from 1978 to 2013 using data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP–NCAR) reanalysis (Kalnay et al. 1996)