Table 3 Standard errors, explained deviance and AIC of shape constrained and unconstrained generalized h-d models for spruce, pine and birch in Norway
| Spruce | Pine | Birch | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Standard error (m) | |||
| gam | 2.06 | 2.33 | 1.64 |
| scam (Eq. 8) | 2.07 | 2.34 | 1.64 |
| gamm (Eq. 7) prediction based on fixed-effects | 2.09 | 2.36 | 1.64 |
| gamm (Eq. 7) | 1.38 | 1.30 | 1.04 |
| scam_m (Eq. 6) | 1.40 | 1.33 | 1.01 |
| Explained deviance (%) | |||
| gam | 87.8 | 80.3 | 78.0 |
| scam (Eq. 8) | 87.7 | 80.2 | 77.8 |
| gamm (Eq. 7) | 94.1 | 93.3 | 90.4 |
| scam_m (Eq. 6) | 94.0 | 93.1 | 90.4 |
| AIC | |||
| gam | 284,162.3 | 225,179.1 | 215,256.8 |
| scam | 284,307.9 | 225,267.6 | 215,701.0 |
| AIC scam in proportion to gam (%) | 100.05 | 100.04 | 100.21 |