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Forest Ecosystems
Fig. 4 | Forest Ecosystems

Fig. 4

From: Longitudinal height-diameter curves for Norway spruce, Scots pine and silver birch in Norway based on shape constraint additive regression models

Fig. 4

1-dimensional model effects of non-shape-constrained gamm (Eq. 7) on the first order parameters A and B [f1b(qmD)] for spruce, pine and birch. Additionally, an estimate of tree height (m) under constant predictors (dbh = 20 cm, Alt = 300 m, qmD = 25 cm, BAL = 0.5 m2 per 250 m2, SD = III) but varying regional locations is shown in order to display the 2-dimensional effect f sp a (east k , north k ) (for each species on the bottom line, right)

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