Fig. 1

Variables explaining leaf-out timing in temperate trees grown under common conditions. a Between-species leaf-out variability is explained by phylogeny (blue) and native climate (red) at different phylogenetic levels. Black dots and edges represent phylogeny to climate ratios on leaf-out variability across species, genus, family and order. b Leaf-out variability is explained by phylogeny (blue), interactions between phylogeny and climate variables (green), climate (red) and interactions between climate variables (purple) at species level. Box is a zoom of the relative proportion of leaf out variability explained by 11 climate variables