Fig. 3

Relationship between changes in δ¹³C and those in basal area increments (BAI) between drought and non-drought years across all study populations. In panel (a) the start of the arrow corresponds to the non-drought year, while the tip indicates δ¹³C and BAI values under drought conditions. Arrows that point to the right indicate an increase in δ¹³C between non-drought and drought years, while arrows that point down correspond to a decline in BAI in response to drought. Continuous arrows denote broadleaved species, while conifers are shown as dashed lines. Panel (b) relates changes in BAI between drought and non-drought years (i.e., values reported in Fig. 2b) to ones in δ¹³C (shown in Fig. 2a). Circles are broadleaved species, while triangles represent conifers. Filled symbols indicate species for which changes in δ¹³C and BAI were both significantly different from zero, with error bars correspond to 95% confidence intervals. The colour scheme of the arrows and points follows that of Fig. 2