Fig. 1

a The larch stands (LI, LII, LIII) and birch stands (BI, BII, BIII) located in b) Altansumber in the Selenge Aimag in c) Northern Mongolia. (Maps: Institute of Geography-Geoecology, MAS, Ulaanbaatar and Czech-Mongolian Forest Project 2015–2017). Map elevations are in metres