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Table 1 Indicators categorized in dimensions, examples of units, inter-linkages to other aspects and/or indicators of sustainability and possible data sources

From: Indicators and tools for assessing sustainability impacts of the forest bioeconomy

Indicator

Dimension

Indicator unit(s) (in example)

Strong indicator interlinkages

Other major connections

Main data and/or cofactor sources

Greenhouse gases (GHG)

Environmental

tCO2eq, GWP

Fossil fuel use

Biodiversity

National statistics

Fossil fuel use

Environmental

tons, % - of all fuels

GHG, trade, national self-reliance

Renewable energy

National statistics, industry

Fine particle emission

Environmental

particle sizes >10, 1–10 and < 1 μm

Fossil fuel use

Health

Industry, literature, derivable from other indicators

Water contamination

Environmental

m3

 

Ecosystem services, fossil fuel use

Industry

Land use and land use change

Environmental

ha

Biodiversity

(indirect) GHG

National statistics, Industry (e.g. wood use)

Biodiversity

Environmental

Area protected/area used, species richness,

 

Harvested forest area

Experts, industry

Gross domestic production (GDP)

Economic

€, %-change in GDP

GVA/LVA

 

National statistics

Gross and/or local value added (G/LVA)

Economic

€ added to product per m3 wood used

GDP, Trade

Rural development

Industry, (Inter)National statistics

Trade

Economic

Import/export change

GDP, G/LVA, National supply security and self-reliance

National self-reliance

National statistics

National supply security and self-reliance

Social

Import/Total energy use

Fossil fuel use, Trade

 

National statistics, industry

Employment

Social

Person years

Accidents, salaries

Capacity and freedom, well-being

National statistics, industry

Human health and well-being

Social

N/A

Fine particle emissions

Accidents and work related diseases, social costs.

Questionnaires, industrial accounting.

Accidents and work related diseases

Social

Person days-off/working days

Employment

 

National statistics, industry, Insurance institutions

Equity

Social

Paid salaries, Gini-index

Employment

Reflections to health and Capacity and freedom

National statistics, industry

Capacity and freedom

 

Disposable income, Free time

Participation

Rural development

Questionnaires

Participation

Social

Number of participants, Number of hearings

Capacity and freedom

Equity

Public documentation

Rural development

Social

Rural/urban jobs

Employment

Equity and Capacity and freedom

National statistics, Industry