Table 2 List of species that are unpalatable and grazing tolerant to deer in study area
Type | Species name | Family name | Life form | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Unpalatable | Dennstaedtia hirsuta | Dennstaedtiaceae | perennial | 1 |
Dennstaedtia wilfordii | Dennstaedtiaceae | perennial | 6 | |
Stegnogramma pozoi subsp. mollissima | Thelypteridaceae | perennial | 1 | |
Chloranthus serratus | Chloranthaceae | perennial | 1, 5 | |
Arisaema spp. | Araceae | perennial | 1, 5 | |
Arisaema angustatum | Araceae | perennial | 1, 5 | |
Arisaema nikoense | Araceae | perennial | 1, 5 | |
Cocculus trilobus | Menispermaceae | vine | 1 | |
Boenninghausenia albiflora var. japonica | Rutaceae | perennial | 1, 5 | |
Pterostyrax hispida | Styracaceae | tree | 4, 5 | |
Cynoglossum asperrimum | Boraginaceae | perennial | 1 | |
Cynanchum caudatum var. tanzawamontanum | Apocynaceae | vine | 6 | |
Trachelospermum asiaticum | Apocynaceae | vine | 6 | |
Tubocapsicum anomalum | Solanaceae | perennial | 1 | |
Crassocephalum crepidioides | Asteraceae | perennial | 1 | |
Aster ageratoides var. ageratoides | Asteraceae | perennial | 3 | |
Ligularia dentata | Asteraceae | perennial | 2, 5 | |
Grazing-tolerant | Brachypodium sylvaticum | Poaceae | perennial | 5 |
Calamagrostis hakonensis | Poaceae | perennial | 5 | |
Festuca parvigluma | Poaceae | perennial | 5 | |
Oplismenus undulatifolius | Poaceae | perennial | 5 | |
Microstegium japonicum | Poaceae | Annual | 5 | |
Microstegium vimineum | Poaceae | Annual | 5 | |
Sasa hayatae | Poaceae | bamboo | 6 | |
Persicaria debilis | Polygonaceae | Annual | 5 | |
Persicaria longiseta | Polygonaceae | Annual | 6 | |
Persicaria nepalensis | Polygonaceae | Annual | 6 | |
Persicaria posumbu | Polygonaceae | Annual | 5 | |
Pilea hamaoi | Urticaceae | Annual | 5 | |
Pilea japonica | Urticaceae | Annual | 5 | |
Clinopodium micranthum var. micranthum | Lamiaceae | perennial | 6 | |
Hydrocotyle yabei var. yabei | Apiaceae | perennial | 5 | |
Cirsium tenuipedunculatum | Asteraceae | perennial | 6 |