Fig. 2From: Response of understory vegetation over 10 years after thinning in an old-growth cedar and cypress plantation overgrazed by sika deer in eastern JapanOrdination by detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) based on the mean coverage of all species. Data are for every quadrat in each year. a Plot ordination. The first two axes accounted for 45.1% and 21.5% of the total variance, respectively. US, sparse cover (1%); MM, moderate cover (30%); LD, dense cover (80%); in, within the exclosure; out, outside the exclosure; P, pre-thinning; numbers represent years after thinning. b Major species ordination; the 42 most frequent species are displayed in the figureBack to article page