Fig. 4From: Conceptual models of forest dynamics in environmental education and management: keep it as simple as possible, but no simplerIllustration of the multi-cohort model of forest dynamics, where directional forest development after stand-replacing disturbance is represented as structural cohorts (1-4). In late-successional stages forest structure can perpetuate itself through fine scale gap dynamics driven by wind, fungi and insect disturbances. Stand-replacing disturbance can reset forest development to “bare ground” from any developmental stageBack to article page